Electromagnetism

                                        Electromagnetism

                    The term electromagnetism simply means the conduction magnetic fields by passing electrical currents through materials which are generally good conductors of electricity. In this blog we will be taking a look at the work done by great scientists in this field and a few other concepts related to electricity and electromagnetism. SO KEEP READING !!!

What is electricity : In simple terms electricity can be determined to be continuous flow of electrons. These electrons continuously through the circuit producing electrical currents. The flow of electrons is only possible if the circuit is complete and is having batteries or cells in it as a source. By placing cells , they create potential differences. The flow of electrons occurs from a point of a higher electric potential to a point of lower electric potential.

Good conductors, bad conductors and  insulators : Good conductors of electricity are materials through which electricity can pass easily. Generally all metals are considered to be good conductors of heat. On the other hand bad conductors are those who don't easily allow electricity to pass through ,most of the noon-metals are bad conductors of heat. Insulators were thought to be materials who don't allow electricity to pass through them at all. But it has been proven with experiments that if the force of electricity is increased up to a certain level then it can pass through any substance. So insulators can be thought to be materials who offer even stiffer resistance to electricity than bad conductors.

What is magnetism : Magnetism is the property of an magnet. The property of magnets which allows them to pull magnetic objects towards themselves and also the property of showing attraction towards unlike poles in a magnet while showing repulsion towards like poles in magnets can be referred as magnetism.

What is electromagnetism : Observations have been made that whenever an electrical current is passed through a coil which holds an magnetic object , then that magnetic object starts behaving like a magnet showing all the properties of magnetism. But however whenever the electric flow is stopped , the object again shows its initial properties and stops behaving like a magnet.

Maxwell and electromagnetism : James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish  scientist and the first one to note that electrical and magnetic fields were actually waves which moved through space at about the speed of light. He also found out that light was an electromagnetic wave and found out its speed with mathematical calculations. He later created a set of laws regarding electromagnetism according to which fluctuating magnetic and electrical fields progate through empty space. This was known as Electromagnetic radiaion. From this there rose the idea that

these waves may occur at various wavelengths to produce a spectrum of light from radio waves to gamma rays

Gauss's laws : Gauss's laws are the laws which helped us picturing the structure of magnetic fields around the magnet. According to these laws he magnetic field due to materials is generated by a configuration called dipoles. In accordance to magnetic fields the term dipoles means something which separates the positive and negative charges. It also states that the flow of magnetic fields through any closed surface is zero. These equations state that the lines of magnetic fields neither begin nor end instead they spread in loops up to an extent of infinity and describes magnetic fields as a solenoidal vector field [a vector field ( v ) with divergence zero at all points ] =      ∇. v = 0.

( representation of magnetic dipoles )

Faraday equations :

Michael Faraday was one of Maxwell's lab assistance who later after Maxwell's death formulated few major sets of equation regarding electromagnetism. He was the first to understand that when an electrical current is passed through a coil holding magnetic substance , then the substance starts behaving like a magnet itself and named this phenomena as electromagnetism. Later , he was the first person to make a full functioning motor on the basis of principals of electromagnetism. In his later years of life he found out with experiments that magnetic fields occurred in circular patterns [ dipoles ]. But due to his lack of education he couldn't form out its equations and they were not considered as laws. However later with the help a famous mathematician of that period , Faraday was able to formulate the laws of induction.

There is a similar type of electromagnetic field which surrounds the earth. If you'll want more information on it then I will be releasing another blog post on upcoming Tuesday (14th of April 2020 ). If interested you'll can view it at  startofuniverse.blogspot.com

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